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UF Health Facts. Start now Related Services. Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine. Definition Lomotil is a prescription medicine used to treat diarrhea. Alternative Names Diphenoxylate with atropine overdose; Atropine with diphenoxylate overdose Poisonous Ingredient Lomotil contains two drugs that can be harmful in large amounts. They are: Atropine Diphenoxylate an opioid Where Found Medicines with these names contain atropine and diphenoxylate: Lofene Logen Lomanate Lomotil Lonox Other medicines may also contain atropine and diphenoxylate.
Symptoms Symptoms of a Lomotil overdose include: Slow breathing, or breathing stops Pounding heartbeat palpitations Rapid heartbeat Slowdown or stoppage of the bowels Coma decreased level of consciousness, lack of responsiveness Constipation Seizures convulsions Drowsiness Dry mucous membranes in the mouth Eye changes in pupil size may be small, normal-sized, or large Eyes move quickly from side to side Flushed skin Hallucinations seeing or hearing things that aren't there Restlessness Urination difficulty Vomiting Note: Symptoms may take up to 12 hours to appear.
Home Care Seek medical help right away. Before Calling Emergency Have this information ready: Person's age, weight, and condition Name of the product ingredients and strength, if known Time it was swallowed Amount swallowed If the medicine was prescribed for the person Poison Control Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline from anywhere in the United States. What to Expect at the Emergency Room Take the container to the hospital with you, if possible.
Tests that may done include: Chest x-ray ECG electrocardiogram or heart tracing Treatment may include:. Review Date:. Reviewed By:. Editorial team. A comparative evaluation of the transport of H 2 -receptor antagonists by the human and baboon placenta.
Am J Med Sci. Gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy. Lagace E. J Fam Pract. Prospective assessment of pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to fluconazole. Antifungal therapy during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Young GL, Jewell D. Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis thrush in pregnancy. Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome. Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy.
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Contact afpserv aafp. Want to use this article elsewhere? Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. Previous: Diary from a Week in Practice. Jun 15, Issue. Over-the-Counter Medications in Pregnancy. Category B Either animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women, or animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect other than a decrease in fertility that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first trimester and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters.
Category C Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus teratogenic or embryocidal or other and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available. Category D There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk e. Category X Studies in animals or human beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience, and the risk of the use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible benefit.
Decongestants, Expectorants, and Antihistamines Women commonly use cold medications during pregnancy. Antacid Preparations Several antacids are available in OTC forms, including preparations that contain alginic acid, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium. Antifungals The most common antifungal medications available as OTC drugs include the imidazole agents clotrimazole Mycelex , butoconazole Femstat , miconazole Monistat , and tioconazole Vagistat Smoking Deterrents Nicotine replacement therapy presents an interesting clinical dilemma.
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Acetaminophen Tylenol. Pain reliever of choice. Ibuprofen Advil, Motrin. Chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton. Antihistamine of choice. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Novafed. Sympathomimetic decongestant. Guaifenesin Humibid L. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide Benylin DM. Non-narcotic antitussive. Appears to be safe in pregnancy. For those who have had surgery on their intestines or who have certain conditions, long-term use might be needed.
Gas pain? Stool issues? Sign up for the best tips to take care of your stomach. Managing irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Nurs. Lomotil diphenoxylate dependence in India. Indian J Psychol Med. Basic concepts in opioid prescribing and current concepts of opioid-mediated effects on driving.
Ochsner J. Breastfeeding after anesthesia: a review for anesthesia providers regarding the transfer of medications into breast milk. Transl Perioper Pain Med. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data.
We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. I Accept Show Purposes. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. It also is an opioid-receptor agonist. The OTC dose of loperamide is 8 mg per day, whereas the prescription dosage is 16 mg daily. However, at supertherapeutic doses approximately greater than a gram , it has been reported to cross the BBB and cause euphoria and other opioid-like effects.
Loperamide is either abused for the euphoric effects or to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. Other substances of abuse are often used in combination with loperamide to inhibit its metabolism, and enhance its ability to penetrate the BBB. Signs of and symptoms of loperamide abuse include QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiac arrest.
Diphenoxylate is a centrally-acting phenylpiperidine opioid that exhibits its pharmacologic activity by slowing the motility of the intestinal tract. Diphenoxylate has the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore has the potential to become habit-forming. The atropine and the diphenoxylate together produce unpleasant anticholinergic effects, nausea, and vomiting when taken in higher than recommended amounts and deter from abuse.
Usually dosed at a total of 5 mg of diphenoxylate by mouth times daily, toxicity can begin at mg per day. A common dose of atropine, when used alone, 1 mg.
Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist used as an antihypertensive agent. Individuals abuse clonidine to self-treat opioid withdrawal and for its psychoactive potential. Patients will appear to be drunk on this combination, yet will have no measurable blood alcohol concentrations.
Other individuals abuse clonidine for its sedating properties. The average dose for abuse reported is 0. Clonidine is often chosen as a drug of abuse due to its relative easiness to acquire.
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